antenna_factory.h

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
//
// Copyright (c) 2006-2008 Marc Brooker and Michael Inggs
// Copyright (c) 2008-present FERS Contributors (see AUTHORS.md).
//
// See the GNU GPLv2 LICENSE file in the FERS project root for more information.
 
/**
 * @file antenna_factory.h
 * @brief Header file defining various types of antennas and their gain patterns.
 */
 
#pragma once
 
#include <memory>
#include <optional>
#include <string>
#include <string_view>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
 
#include "core/config.h"
#include "core/logging.h"
#include "core/sim_id.h"
#include "interpolation/interpolation_set.h"
#include "math/geometry_ops.h"
 
namespace serial
{
    std::vector<std::vector<RealType>> readPattern(const std::string& name, const std::string& datasetName);
}
 
namespace antenna
{
    /**
     * @class Antenna
     * @brief Abstract base class representing an antenna.
     */
    class Antenna
    {
    public:
        /**
         * @brief Constructs an Antenna object with the given name.
         *
         * @param name The name of the antenna.
         */
        explicit Antenna(std::string name, const SimId id = 0) noexcept :
            _loss_factor(1), _id(id == 0 ? SimIdGenerator::instance().generateId(ObjectType::Antenna) : id),
            _name(std::move(name))
        {
        }
 
        virtual ~Antenna() = default;
 
        Antenna(const Antenna&) = delete;
 
        Antenna& operator=(const Antenna&) = delete;
 
        Antenna(Antenna&&) = default;
 
        Antenna& operator=(Antenna&&) = default;
 
        /**
         * @brief Computes the gain of the antenna based on the input angle and reference angle.
         *
         * @param angle The angle at which the gain is to be computed.
         * @param refangle The reference angle.
         * @param wavelength The wavelength of the signal.
         * @return The gain of the antenna at the specified angle and wavelength.
         */
        [[nodiscard]] virtual RealType getGain(const math::SVec3& angle, const math::SVec3& refangle,
                                               RealType wavelength) const = 0;
 
        /**
         * @brief Retrieves the efficiency factor of the antenna.
         *
         * @return The efficiency factor of the antenna.
         */
        [[nodiscard]] RealType getEfficiencyFactor() const noexcept { return _loss_factor; }
 
        /**
         * @brief Retrieves the name of the antenna.
         *
         * @return The name of the antenna.
         */
        [[nodiscard]] std::string getName() const noexcept { return _name; }
 
        /**
         * @brief Retrieves the unique ID of the antenna.
         *
         * @return The antenna SimId.
         */
        [[nodiscard]] SimId getId() const noexcept { return _id; }
 
        /**
         * @brief Computes the noise temperature of the antenna based on the angle.
         *
         * @param angle The angle at which the noise temperature is to be computed.
         * @return The noise temperature of the antenna.
         */
        // TODO: Implement noise temperature calculation
        [[nodiscard]] virtual RealType getNoiseTemperature(const math::SVec3& /*angle*/) const noexcept { return 0; }
 
        /**
         * @brief Sets the efficiency factor of the antenna.
         *
         * @param loss The new efficiency factor.
         */
        void setEfficiencyFactor(RealType loss) noexcept;
 
        /**
         * @brief Sets the name of the antenna.
         *
         * @param name The new name of the antenna.
         */
        void setName(std::string name) noexcept { _name = std::move(name); }
 
    protected:
        /**
         * @brief Computes the angle between the input and reference angles.
         *
         * @param angle The input angle.
         * @param refangle The reference angle.
         * @return The computed angle.
         */
        static RealType getAngle(const math::SVec3& angle, const math::SVec3& refangle) noexcept;
 
    private:
        RealType _loss_factor; ///< Efficiency factor of the antenna.
        SimId _id; ///< Unique ID for this antenna.
        std::string _name; ///< Name of the antenna.
    };
 
    /**
     * @class Isotropic
     * @brief Represents an isotropic antenna with uniform gain in all directions.
     *
     * This class models an ideal isotropic antenna, which has a directivity of 1 (0 dB).
     */
    class Isotropic final : public Antenna
    {
    public:
        /**
         * @brief Constructs an Isotropic antenna with the given name.
         *
         * @param name The name of the antenna.
         */
        explicit Isotropic(const std::string_view name, const SimId id = 0) : Antenna(name.data(), id) {}
 
        ~Isotropic() override = default;
 
        Isotropic(const Isotropic&) = delete;
 
        Isotropic& operator=(const Isotropic&) = delete;
 
        Isotropic(Isotropic&&) = delete;
 
        Isotropic& operator=(Isotropic&&) = delete;
 
        /**
         * @brief Computes the gain of the isotropic antenna.
         *
         * @return The gain of the antenna, which is equal to the efficiency factor.
         */
        [[nodiscard]] RealType getGain(const math::SVec3& /*angle*/, const math::SVec3& /*refangle*/,
                                       RealType /*wavelength*/) const override
        {
            // David Young: Isotropic antennas have a directivity of 1 (or 0 dB),
            // therefore, the gain of the antenna is the efficiency factor
            return getEfficiencyFactor();
        }
    };
 
    /**
     * @class Sinc
     * @brief Represents a sinc function-based antenna gain pattern.
     *
     * This antenna has a gain pattern defined by a sinc function, with customizable parameters.
     */
    class Sinc final : public Antenna
    {
    public:
        /**
         * @brief Constructs a Sinc antenna with the given parameters.
         *
         * @param name The name of the antenna.
         * @param alpha The alpha parameter.
         * @param beta The beta parameter.
         * @param gamma The gamma parameter.
         */
        Sinc(const std::string_view name, const RealType alpha, const RealType beta, const RealType gamma,
             const SimId id = 0) : Antenna(name.data(), id), _alpha(alpha), _beta(beta), _gamma(gamma)
        {
        }
 
        ~Sinc() override = default;
 
        Sinc(const Sinc&) = delete;
 
        Sinc& operator=(const Sinc&) = delete;
 
        Sinc(Sinc&&) = delete;
 
        Sinc& operator=(Sinc&&) = delete;
 
        /** @brief Gets the alpha parameter of the sinc function. */
        [[nodiscard]] RealType getAlpha() const noexcept { return _alpha; }
 
        /** @brief Gets the beta parameter of the sinc function. */
        [[nodiscard]] RealType getBeta() const noexcept { return _beta; }
 
        /** @brief Gets the gamma parameter of the sinc function. */
        [[nodiscard]] RealType getGamma() const noexcept { return _gamma; }
 
        /**
         * @brief Computes the gain of the sinc antenna based on the input parameters.
         *
         * @param angle The angle at which the gain is to be computed.
         * @param refangle The reference angle.
         * @param wavelength The wavelength of the signal.
         * @return The computed gain of the antenna.
         */
        [[nodiscard]] RealType getGain(const math::SVec3& angle, const math::SVec3& refangle,
                                       RealType wavelength) const noexcept override;
 
        /**
         * @brief Sets the alpha parameter of the sinc function.
         *
         * @param alpha The new alpha parameter.
         */
        void setAlpha(RealType alpha) noexcept { _alpha = alpha; }
 
        /**
         * @brief Sets the beta parameter of the sinc function.
         *
         * @param beta The new beta parameter.
         */
        void setBeta(RealType beta) noexcept { _beta = beta; }
 
        /**
         * @brief Sets the gamma parameter of the sinc function.
         *
         * @param gamma The new gamma parameter.
         */
        void setGamma(RealType gamma) noexcept { _gamma = gamma; }
 
    private:
        RealType _alpha; ///< Parameter defining the shape of the gain pattern.
        RealType _beta; ///< Parameter defining the shape of the gain pattern.
        RealType _gamma; ///< Parameter defining the shape of the gain pattern.
    };
 
    /**
     * @class Gaussian
     * @brief Represents a Gaussian-shaped antenna gain pattern.
     *
     * This antenna has a gain pattern that follows a Gaussian distribution.
     */
    class Gaussian final : public Antenna
    {
    public:
        /**
         * @brief Constructs a Gaussian antenna with the given parameters.
         *
         * @param name The name of the antenna.
         * @param azscale The azimuth scale factor.
         * @param elscale The elevation scale factor.
         */
        Gaussian(const std::string_view name, const RealType azscale, const RealType elscale, const SimId id = 0) :
            Antenna(name.data(), id), _azscale(azscale), _elscale(elscale)
        {
        }
 
        ~Gaussian() override = default;
 
        Gaussian(const Gaussian&) = delete;
 
        Gaussian& operator=(const Gaussian&) = delete;
 
        Gaussian(Gaussian&&) = delete;
 
        Gaussian& operator=(Gaussian&&) = delete;
 
        /**
         * @brief Computes the gain of the Gaussian antenna.
         *
         * @param angle The angle at which the gain is to be computed.
         * @param refangle The reference angle.
         * @param wavelength The wavelength of the signal.
         * @return The computed gain of the antenna.
         */
        [[nodiscard]] RealType getGain(const math::SVec3& angle, const math::SVec3& refangle,
                                       RealType wavelength) const noexcept override;
 
        /** @brief Gets the azimuth scale factor. */
        [[nodiscard]] RealType getAzimuthScale() const noexcept { return _azscale; }
 
        /** @brief Gets the elevation scale factor. */
        [[nodiscard]] RealType getElevationScale() const noexcept { return _elscale; }
 
        /**
         * @brief Sets the azimuth scale factor of the Gaussian function.
         *
         * @param azscale The new azimuth scale factor.
         */
        void setAzimuthScale(RealType azscale) noexcept { _azscale = azscale; }
 
        /**
         * @brief Sets the elevation scale factor of the Gaussian function.
         *
         * @param elscale The new elevation scale factor.
         */
        void setElevationScale(RealType elscale) noexcept { _elscale = elscale; }
 
    private:
        RealType _azscale; ///< Azimuth scale factor.
        RealType _elscale; ///< Elevation scale factor.
    };
 
    /**
     * @class SquareHorn
     * @brief Represents a square horn antenna.
     *
     * This antenna models a square horn with a specific dimension.
     */
    class SquareHorn final : public Antenna
    {
    public:
        /**
         * @brief Constructs a SquareHorn antenna with the given dimension.
         *
         * @param name The name of the antenna.
         * @param dimension The dimension of the square horn.
         */
        SquareHorn(const std::string_view name, const RealType dimension, const SimId id = 0) :
            Antenna(name.data(), id), _dimension(dimension)
        {
        }
 
        ~SquareHorn() override = default;
 
        SquareHorn(const SquareHorn&) = delete;
 
        SquareHorn& operator=(const SquareHorn&) = delete;
 
        SquareHorn(SquareHorn&&) = delete;
 
        SquareHorn& operator=(SquareHorn&&) = delete;
 
        /**
         * @brief Computes the gain of the square horn antenna.
         *
         * @param angle The angle at which the gain is to be computed.
         * @param refangle The reference angle.
         * @param wavelength The wavelength of the signal.
         * @return The computed gain of the antenna.
         */
        [[nodiscard]] RealType getGain(const math::SVec3& angle, const math::SVec3& refangle,
                                       RealType wavelength) const noexcept override;
 
        /** @brief Gets the dimension of the square horn. */
        [[nodiscard]] RealType getDimension() const noexcept { return _dimension; }
 
        /**
         * @brief Sets the dimension of the square horn.
         *
         * @param dimension The new dimension of the square horn.
         */
        void setDimension(RealType dimension) noexcept { _dimension = dimension; }
 
    private:
        RealType _dimension; ///< Dimension of the square horn.
    };
 
    /**
     * @class Parabolic
     * @brief Represents a parabolic reflector antenna.
     *
     * This antenna models a parabolic reflector with a specific diameter.
     */
    class Parabolic final : public Antenna
    {
    public:
        /**
         * @brief Constructs a Parabolic antenna with the given diameter.
         *
         * @param name The name of the antenna.
         * @param diameter The diameter of the parabolic reflector.
         */
        Parabolic(const std::string_view name, const RealType diameter, const SimId id = 0) :
            Antenna(name.data(), id), _diameter(diameter)
        {
        }
 
        ~Parabolic() override = default;
 
        Parabolic(const Parabolic&) = delete;
 
        Parabolic& operator=(const Parabolic&) = delete;
 
        Parabolic(Parabolic&&) = delete;
 
        Parabolic& operator=(Parabolic&&) = delete;
 
        /**
         * @brief Computes the gain of the parabolic antenna.
         *
         * @param angle The angle at which the gain is to be computed.
         * @param refangle The reference angle.
         * @param wavelength The wavelength of the signal.
         * @return The computed gain of the antenna.
         */
        [[nodiscard]] RealType getGain(const math::SVec3& angle, const math::SVec3& refangle,
                                       RealType wavelength) const noexcept override;
 
        /** @brief Gets the diameter of the parabolic reflector. */
        [[nodiscard]] RealType getDiameter() const noexcept { return _diameter; }
 
        /**
         * @brief Sets the diameter of the parabolic reflector.
         *
         * @param diameter The new diameter of the parabolic reflector.
         */
        void setDiameter(RealType diameter) noexcept { _diameter = diameter; }
 
    private:
        RealType _diameter; ///< Diameter of the parabolic reflector.
    };
 
    /**
     * @class XmlAntenna
     * @brief Represents an antenna whose gain pattern is defined by an XML file.
     *
     * This class models an antenna where the gain pattern is read from an XML file.
     */
    class XmlAntenna final : public Antenna
    {
    public:
        enum class AxisSymmetry
        {
            Mirrored,
            None,
        };
 
        /**
         * @brief Constructs an XmlAntenna with the specified name and XML configuration file.
         *
         * The constructor loads the azimuth and elevation gain patterns from the provided XML file.
         *
         * @param name The name of the antenna.
         * @param filename The path to the XML file containing the antenna's gain pattern data.
         */
        XmlAntenna(const std::string_view name, const std::string_view filename, const SimId id = 0) :
            Antenna(name.data(), id), _azi_samples(std::make_unique<interp::InterpSet>()),
            _elev_samples(std::make_unique<interp::InterpSet>())
        {
            loadAntennaDescription(filename);
        }
 
        ~XmlAntenna() override = default;
 
        XmlAntenna(const XmlAntenna&) = delete;
 
        XmlAntenna& operator=(const XmlAntenna&) = delete;
 
        XmlAntenna(XmlAntenna&&) = delete;
 
        XmlAntenna& operator=(XmlAntenna&&) = delete;
 
        /**
         * @brief Computes the gain of the antenna based on the input angle and reference angle.
         *
         * @param angle The angle at which the gain is to be computed.
         * @param refangle The reference angle.
         * @param wavelength The wavelength of the signal (not used in this antenna type).
         * @return The gain of the antenna at the specified angle.
         * @throws std::runtime_error If gain values cannot be retrieved from the interpolation sets.
         */
        [[nodiscard]] RealType getGain(const math::SVec3& angle, const math::SVec3& refangle,
                                       RealType wavelength) const override;
 
        /** @brief Gets the filename of the antenna description. */
        [[nodiscard]] const std::string& getFilename() const noexcept { return _filename; }
 
        /** @brief Gets the maximum gain of the antenna. */
        [[nodiscard]] RealType getMaxGain() const noexcept { return _max_gain; }
 
        /** @brief Gets the interpolation set for azimuth gain samples. */
        [[nodiscard]] const interp::InterpSet* getAzimuthSamples() const noexcept { return _azi_samples.get(); }
 
        /** @brief Gets the interpolation set for elevation gain samples. */
        [[nodiscard]] const interp::InterpSet* getElevationSamples() const noexcept { return _elev_samples.get(); }
 
    private:
        [[nodiscard]] std::optional<RealType> lookupAxisGain(const interp::InterpSet* set, RealType angle,
                                                             AxisSymmetry symmetry) const noexcept;
 
        /**
         * @brief Loads the antenna gain pattern from the specified XML file.
         *
         * @param filename The path to the XML file containing the antenna's gain pattern data.
         * @throws std::runtime_error If the XML file cannot be loaded or parsed.
         */
        void loadAntennaDescription(std::string_view filename);
 
        std::string _filename; ///< The original filename for the antenna description.
        RealType _max_gain{}; ///< The maximum gain of the antenna.
        std::unique_ptr<interp::InterpSet> _azi_samples; ///< Interpolation set for azimuth gain samples.
        std::unique_ptr<interp::InterpSet> _elev_samples; ///< Interpolation set for elevation gain samples.
        AxisSymmetry _azi_symmetry{AxisSymmetry::Mirrored}; ///< Lookup mode for azimuth gain samples.
        AxisSymmetry _elev_symmetry{AxisSymmetry::Mirrored}; ///< Lookup mode for elevation gain samples.
    };
 
    /**
     * @class H5Antenna
     * @brief Represents an antenna whose gain pattern is loaded from a HDF5 file.
     *
     * This class models an antenna with a gain pattern defined in an HDF5 file. The gain pattern is stored in a
     * `Pattern` object, which is used to compute the antenna's gain based on the input angle and reference angle.
     */
    class H5Antenna final : public Antenna
    {
    public:
        /**
         * @brief Constructs a H5Antenna with the specified name and gain pattern file.
         *
         * @param name The name of the antenna.
         * @param filename The path to the file containing the antenna's gain pattern.
         */
        H5Antenna(const std::string_view name, const std::string& filename, const SimId id = 0) :
            Antenna(name.data(), id), _pattern(serial::readPattern(filename, "antenna")), _filename(filename)
        {
        }
 
        ~H5Antenna() override = default;
 
        H5Antenna(const H5Antenna&) = delete;
 
        H5Antenna& operator=(const H5Antenna&) = delete;
 
        H5Antenna(H5Antenna&&) = delete;
 
        H5Antenna& operator=(H5Antenna&&) = delete;
 
        /**
         * @brief Computes the gain of the antenna based on the input angle and reference angle.
         *
         * @param angle The angle at which the gain is to be computed.
         * @param refangle The reference angle.
         * @return The gain of the antenna at the specified angle.
         */
        [[nodiscard]] RealType getGain(const math::SVec3& angle, const math::SVec3& refangle,
                                       RealType /*wavelength*/) const override;
 
        /** @brief Gets the filename of the antenna description. */
        [[nodiscard]] const std::string& getFilename() const noexcept { return _filename; }
 
        /** @brief Gets the gain pattern object. */
        [[nodiscard]] const std::vector<std::vector<RealType>>& getPattern() const noexcept { return _pattern; }
 
    private:
        std::vector<std::vector<RealType>> _pattern; ///< The 2D pattern data.
        std::string _filename; ///< The original filename for the antenna description.
    };
}