radar_signal.cpp

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
//
// Copyright (c) 2006-2008 Marc Brooker and Michael Inggs
// Copyright (c) 2008-present FERS Contributors (see AUTHORS.md).
//
// See the GNU GPLv2 LICENSE file in the FERS project root for more information.
 
/**
 * @file radar_signal.cpp
 * @brief Classes for handling radar waveforms and signals.
 */
 
#include "radar_signal.h"
 
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <complex>
#include <iterator>
#include <limits>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <utility>
 
#include "core/parameters.h"
#include "dsp_filters.h"
#include "interpolation/interpolation_filter.h"
#include "interpolation/interpolation_point.h"
 
namespace fers_signal
{
    std::string_view fmcwChirpDirectionToken(const FmcwChirpDirection direction) noexcept
    {
        return direction == FmcwChirpDirection::Down ? "down" : "up";
    }
 
    FmcwChirpDirection parseFmcwChirpDirection(const std::string_view direction)
    {
        if (direction == "up")
        {
            return FmcwChirpDirection::Up;
        }
        if (direction == "down")
        {
            return FmcwChirpDirection::Down;
        }
        throw std::runtime_error("Unsupported FMCW chirp direction '" + std::string(direction) + "'.");
    }
 
    std::vector<ComplexType> CwSignal::render(const std::vector<interp::InterpPoint>& /*points*/, unsigned& size,
                                              const RealType /*fracWinDelay*/) const
    {
        size = 0;
        return {};
    }
 
    SteppedFrequencySignal::SteppedFrequencySignal(const RealType start_frequency_offset, const RealType step_size,
                                                   const std::size_t step_count, const RealType dwell_time,
                                                   const RealType step_period, std::optional<std::size_t> sweep_count) :
        _start_frequency_offset(start_frequency_offset), _step_size(step_size), _step_count(step_count),
        _dwell_time(dwell_time), _step_period(step_period), _sweep_count(sweep_count)
    {
    }
 
    RealType SteppedFrequencySignal::firstFrequency(const RealType carrier_frequency) const noexcept
    {
        return carrier_frequency + _start_frequency_offset;
    }
 
    RealType SteppedFrequencySignal::lastFrequency(const RealType carrier_frequency) const noexcept
    {
        if (_step_count == 0)
        {
            return firstFrequency(carrier_frequency);
        }
        return firstFrequency(carrier_frequency) + static_cast<RealType>(_step_count - 1U) * _step_size;
    }
 
    RealType SteppedFrequencySignal::frequencySpan() const noexcept
    {
        if (_step_count == 0)
        {
            return 0.0;
        }
        return std::abs(static_cast<RealType>(_step_count - 1U) * _step_size);
    }
 
    RealType SteppedFrequencySignal::effectiveBandwidth() const noexcept
    {
        return static_cast<RealType>(_step_count) * std::abs(_step_size);
    }
 
    std::optional<RealType> SteppedFrequencySignal::totalDuration() const noexcept
    {
        if (!_sweep_count.has_value())
        {
            return std::nullopt;
        }
        return static_cast<RealType>(*_sweep_count) * getSweepPeriod();
    }
 
    std::optional<SteppedFrequencySignal::StepState>
    SteppedFrequencySignal::activeStepAt(const RealType time_since_segment_start,
                                         const RealType carrier_frequency) const noexcept
    {
        if (time_since_segment_start < 0.0 || _step_count == 0 || _step_period <= 0.0 || _dwell_time <= 0.0)
        {
            return std::nullopt;
        }
 
        const RealType sweep_period = getSweepPeriod();
        const auto sweep_index = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::floor(time_since_segment_start / sweep_period));
        if (_sweep_count.has_value() && sweep_index >= *_sweep_count)
        {
            return std::nullopt;
        }
 
        const RealType local_sweep_time = time_since_segment_start - static_cast<RealType>(sweep_index) * sweep_period;
        const auto step_index = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::floor(local_sweep_time / _step_period));
        if (step_index >= _step_count)
        {
            return std::nullopt;
        }
 
        const RealType step_start_time =
            static_cast<RealType>(sweep_index) * sweep_period + static_cast<RealType>(step_index) * _step_period;
        const RealType local_step_time = time_since_segment_start - step_start_time;
        if (local_step_time < 0.0 || local_step_time >= _dwell_time)
        {
            return std::nullopt;
        }
 
        return StepState{.step_index = step_index,
                         .sweep_index = sweep_index,
                         .step_start_time = step_start_time,
                         .dwell_end_time = step_start_time + _dwell_time,
                         .step_end_time = step_start_time + _step_period,
                         .rf_frequency =
                             firstFrequency(carrier_frequency) + static_cast<RealType>(step_index) * _step_size};
    }
 
    std::vector<ComplexType> SteppedFrequencySignal::render(const std::vector<interp::InterpPoint>& /*points*/,
                                                            unsigned& size, const RealType /*fracWinDelay*/) const
    {
        size = 0;
        return {};
    }
 
    FmcwChirpSignal::FmcwChirpSignal(const RealType chirp_bandwidth, const RealType chirp_duration,
                                     const RealType chirp_period, const RealType start_frequency_offset,
                                     std::optional<std::size_t> chirp_count, const FmcwChirpDirection direction) :
        _chirp_bandwidth(chirp_bandwidth), _chirp_duration(chirp_duration), _chirp_period(chirp_period),
        _start_frequency_offset(start_frequency_offset), _chirp_count(chirp_count),
        _chirp_rate(chirp_bandwidth / chirp_duration), _direction(direction)
    {
    }
 
    std::optional<std::size_t>
    FmcwChirpSignal::activeChirpIndexAt(const RealType time_since_segment_start) const noexcept
    {
        if (time_since_segment_start < 0.0)
        {
            return std::nullopt;
        }
 
        const auto chirp_index = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::floor(time_since_segment_start / _chirp_period));
        if (_chirp_count.has_value() && chirp_index >= *_chirp_count)
        {
            return std::nullopt;
        }
 
        const RealType chirp_time = time_since_segment_start - static_cast<RealType>(chirp_index) * _chirp_period;
        // Exact arithmetic cannot make this negative, but floating-point boundary rounding can.
        if (chirp_time < 0.0 || chirp_time >= _chirp_duration)
        {
            return std::nullopt;
        }
 
        return chirp_index;
    }
 
    std::optional<RealType>
    FmcwChirpSignal::instantaneousBasebandPhase(const RealType time_since_segment_start) const noexcept
    {
        const auto chirp_index = activeChirpIndexAt(time_since_segment_start);
        if (!chirp_index.has_value())
        {
            return std::nullopt;
        }
 
        const RealType chirp_time = time_since_segment_start - static_cast<RealType>(*chirp_index) * _chirp_period;
        return basebandPhaseForChirpTime(chirp_time);
    }
 
    RealType FmcwChirpSignal::basebandPhaseForChirpTime(const RealType chirp_time) const noexcept
    {
        return 2.0 * PI * _start_frequency_offset * chirp_time + PI * getSignedChirpRate() * chirp_time * chirp_time;
    }
 
    std::vector<ComplexType> FmcwChirpSignal::render(const std::vector<interp::InterpPoint>& /*points*/, unsigned& size,
                                                     const RealType /*fracWinDelay*/) const
    {
        size = 0;
        return {};
    }
 
    FmcwTriangleSignal::FmcwTriangleSignal(const RealType chirp_bandwidth, const RealType chirp_duration,
                                           const RealType start_frequency_offset,
                                           std::optional<std::size_t> triangle_count) :
        _chirp_bandwidth(chirp_bandwidth), _chirp_duration(chirp_duration),
        _start_frequency_offset(start_frequency_offset), _triangle_count(triangle_count),
        _chirp_rate(chirp_bandwidth / chirp_duration), _triangle_period(2.0 * chirp_duration),
        _delta_phi_up(2.0 * PI * start_frequency_offset * chirp_duration +
                      PI * _chirp_rate * chirp_duration * chirp_duration)
    {
    }
 
    RealType FmcwTriangleSignal::basebandPhaseForTriangleTime(const RealType triangle_time) const noexcept
    {
        if (triangle_time <= 0.0)
        {
            return 0.0;
        }
 
        const auto triangle_index = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::floor(triangle_time / _triangle_period));
        const RealType local_triangle_time = triangle_time - static_cast<RealType>(triangle_index) * _triangle_period;
        const bool down_leg = local_triangle_time >= _chirp_duration;
        const RealType u = down_leg ? local_triangle_time - _chirp_duration : local_triangle_time;
        const RealType phi_base =
            static_cast<RealType>(triangle_index) * 2.0 * _delta_phi_up + (down_leg ? _delta_phi_up : 0.0);
        if (!down_leg)
        {
            return phi_base + 2.0 * PI * _start_frequency_offset * u + PI * _chirp_rate * u * u;
        }
        return phi_base + 2.0 * PI * (_start_frequency_offset + _chirp_bandwidth) * u - PI * _chirp_rate * u * u;
    }
 
    std::optional<RealType>
    FmcwTriangleSignal::instantaneousBasebandPhase(const RealType time_since_segment_start) const noexcept
    {
        if (time_since_segment_start < 0.0)
        {
            return std::nullopt;
        }
 
        const auto triangle_index = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::floor(time_since_segment_start / _triangle_period));
        if (_triangle_count.has_value() && triangle_index >= *_triangle_count)
        {
            return std::nullopt;
        }
 
        const RealType local_triangle_time =
            time_since_segment_start - static_cast<RealType>(triangle_index) * _triangle_period;
        if (local_triangle_time < 0.0 || local_triangle_time >= _triangle_period)
        {
            return std::nullopt;
        }
        return basebandPhaseForTriangleTime(time_since_segment_start);
    }
 
    std::vector<ComplexType> FmcwTriangleSignal::render(const std::vector<interp::InterpPoint>& /*points*/,
                                                        unsigned& size, const RealType /*fracWinDelay*/) const
    {
        size = 0;
        return {};
    }
 
    RadarSignal::RadarSignal(std::string name, const RealType power, const RealType carrierfreq, const RealType length,
                             std::unique_ptr<Signal> signal, const SimId id) :
        _name(std::move(name)), _id(id == 0 ? SimIdGenerator::instance().generateId(ObjectType::Waveform) : id),
        _power(power), _carrierfreq(carrierfreq), _length(length), _signal(std::move(signal))
    {
        if (!_signal)
        {
            throw std::runtime_error("Signal is empty");
        }
    }
 
    std::vector<ComplexType> RadarSignal::render(const std::vector<interp::InterpPoint>& points, unsigned& size,
                                                 const RealType fracWinDelay) const
    {
        auto data = _signal->render(points, size, fracWinDelay);
        const RealType scale = std::sqrt(_power);
 
        std::ranges::for_each(data, [scale](auto& value) { value *= scale; });
 
        return data;
    }
 
    std::vector<ComplexType> RadarSignal::renderSlice(const std::vector<interp::InterpPoint>& points,
                                                      const RealType outputStartTime, const RealType outputSampleRate,
                                                      const std::size_t sampleCount, const RealType fracWinDelay) const
    {
        auto data = _signal->renderSlice(points, outputStartTime, outputSampleRate, sampleCount, fracWinDelay);
        const RealType scale = std::sqrt(_power);
 
        std::ranges::for_each(data, [scale](auto& value) { value *= scale; });
 
        return data;
    }
 
    bool RadarSignal::isCw() const noexcept
    {
        if (dynamic_cast<const CwSignal*>(_signal.get()) != nullptr)
        {
            return true;
        }
        const auto* file = getFileSignal();
        return file != nullptr && file->getKind() == FileWaveformKind::Cw;
    }
 
    bool RadarSignal::isFmcwChirp() const noexcept
    {
        return dynamic_cast<const FmcwChirpSignal*>(_signal.get()) != nullptr;
    }
 
    bool RadarSignal::isFmcwTriangle() const noexcept
    {
        return dynamic_cast<const FmcwTriangleSignal*>(_signal.get()) != nullptr;
    }
 
    bool RadarSignal::isFmcwFamily() const noexcept { return _signal->isFmcwFamily(); }
 
    bool RadarSignal::isSteppedFrequency() const noexcept
    {
        return dynamic_cast<const SteppedFrequencySignal*>(_signal.get()) != nullptr;
    }
 
    const FmcwChirpSignal* RadarSignal::getFmcwChirpSignal() const noexcept
    {
        return dynamic_cast<const FmcwChirpSignal*>(_signal.get());
    }
 
    const FmcwTriangleSignal* RadarSignal::getFmcwTriangleSignal() const noexcept
    {
        return dynamic_cast<const FmcwTriangleSignal*>(_signal.get());
    }
 
    const SteppedFrequencySignal* RadarSignal::getSteppedFrequencySignal() const noexcept
    {
        return dynamic_cast<const SteppedFrequencySignal*>(_signal.get());
    }
 
    const FileSignal* RadarSignal::getFileSignal() const noexcept
    {
        return dynamic_cast<const FileSignal*>(_signal.get());
    }
 
    void Signal::clear() noexcept
    {
        _size = 0;
        _rate = 0;
    }
 
    void Signal::load(std::span<const ComplexType> inData, const unsigned samples, const RealType sampleRate)
    {
        clear();
        const unsigned ratio = params::oversampleRatio();
        const auto oversampled_samples = static_cast<std::size_t>(samples) * static_cast<std::size_t>(ratio);
        if (oversampled_samples > std::numeric_limits<unsigned>::max())
        {
            throw std::overflow_error("Oversampled signal sample count exceeds unsigned range");
        }
        _data.resize(oversampled_samples);
        _size = static_cast<unsigned>(oversampled_samples);
        _rate = sampleRate * static_cast<RealType>(ratio);
 
        if (ratio == 1)
        {
            std::ranges::copy(inData, _data.begin());
        }
        else
        {
            upsample(inData, samples, _data);
        }
    }
 
    ComplexType Signal::sampleAt(const RealType time_since_start) const noexcept
    {
        if (_data.empty() || _rate <= 0.0 || !std::isfinite(time_since_start) || time_since_start < 0.0 ||
            time_since_start >= static_cast<RealType>(_size) / _rate)
        {
            return {0.0, 0.0};
        }
 
        const RealType position = time_since_start * _rate;
        const auto center = static_cast<long long>(std::floor(position));
        const RealType fraction = position - std::floor(position);
        const auto& filter = interp::InterpFilter::getInstance().getFilter(fraction);
        const auto filter_length = static_cast<long long>(filter.size());
        const auto sample_count = static_cast<long long>(_data.size());
        ComplexType value{0.0, 0.0};
        for (long long tap = 0; tap < filter_length; ++tap)
        {
            const long long sample_index = center + tap - filter_length / 2;
            if (sample_index >= 0 && sample_index < sample_count)
            {
                value += _data[static_cast<std::size_t>(sample_index)] * filter[static_cast<std::size_t>(tap)];
            }
        }
        return value;
    }
 
    std::vector<ComplexType> Signal::render(const std::vector<interp::InterpPoint>& points, unsigned& size,
                                            const double fracWinDelay) const
    {
        size = _size;
        if (points.empty())
        {
            return std::vector<ComplexType>(_size);
        }
        return renderSlice(points, points.front().time, _rate, _size, fracWinDelay);
    }
 
    std::vector<ComplexType> Signal::renderSlice(const std::vector<interp::InterpPoint>& points,
                                                 const RealType outputStartTime, const RealType outputSampleRate,
                                                 const std::size_t sampleCount, const RealType fracWinDelay) const
    {
        auto out = std::vector<ComplexType>(sampleCount);
        if (_size == 0 || _rate <= 0.0 || outputSampleRate <= 0.0 || points.empty())
        {
            return out;
        }
 
        const RealType timestep = 1.0 / outputSampleRate;
        const int filt_length = static_cast<int>(params::renderFilterLength());
        const auto& interp = interp::InterpFilter::getInstance();
 
        auto iter = points.begin();
        auto next = points.size() > 1 ? std::next(iter) : iter;
        const RealType idelay = std::round(_rate * iter->delay);
        RealType sample_time = outputStartTime;
 
        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < sampleCount; ++i)
        {
            while (sample_time > next->time && next != iter)
            {
                iter = next;
                if (std::next(next) != points.end())
                {
                    ++next;
                }
                else
                {
                    break;
                }
            }
 
            auto [amplitude, phase, fdelay, i_sample_unwrap] =
                calculateWeightsAndDelays(iter, next, sample_time, idelay, fracWinDelay);
            const RealType native_position = (sample_time - points.front().time) * _rate;
            const auto source_index = static_cast<int>(std::floor(native_position));
            RealType source_fraction = native_position - static_cast<RealType>(source_index);
            if (source_fraction < 0.0 && source_fraction > -1.0e-12)
            {
                source_fraction = 0.0;
            }
 
            const RealType combined_delay = fdelay + source_fraction;
            const auto delay_unwrap = static_cast<int>(std::floor(combined_delay));
            fdelay = combined_delay - static_cast<RealType>(delay_unwrap);
            i_sample_unwrap += delay_unwrap;
 
            const auto& filt = interp.getFilter(fdelay);
            const ComplexType accum =
                performConvolution(source_index, filt.data(), filt_length, amplitude, i_sample_unwrap);
            out[i] = std::exp(ComplexType(0.0, 1.0) * phase) * accum;
 
            sample_time += timestep;
        }
 
        return out;
    }
 
    std::tuple<RealType, RealType, RealType, int>
    Signal::calculateWeightsAndDelays(const std::vector<interp::InterpPoint>::const_iterator iter,
                                      const std::vector<interp::InterpPoint>::const_iterator next,
                                      const RealType sampleTime, const RealType idelay,
                                      const RealType fracWinDelay) const noexcept
    {
        const RealType bw = iter < next ? (sampleTime - iter->time) / (next->time - iter->time) : 0.0;
 
        const RealType amplitude = std::lerp(std::sqrt(iter->power), std::sqrt(next->power), bw);
        const RealType phase = std::lerp(iter->phase, next->phase, bw);
        RealType fdelay = -(std::lerp(iter->delay, next->delay, bw) * _rate - idelay + fracWinDelay);
 
        const int i_sample_unwrap = static_cast<int>(std::floor(fdelay));
        fdelay -= i_sample_unwrap;
 
        return {amplitude, phase, fdelay, i_sample_unwrap};
    }
 
    ComplexType Signal::performConvolution(const int i, const RealType* filt, const int filtLength,
                                           const RealType amplitude, const int iSampleUnwrap) const noexcept
    {
        const int start = std::max(-filtLength / 2, -i);
        const int end = std::min(filtLength / 2, static_cast<int>(_size) - i);
 
        ComplexType accum(0.0, 0.0);
 
        for (int j = start; j < end; ++j)
        {
            const int sample_idx = i + j + iSampleUnwrap;
            const int filt_idx = j + filtLength / 2;
            if (sample_idx >= 0 && sample_idx < static_cast<int>(_size) && filt_idx >= 0 && filt_idx < filtLength)
            {
                accum += amplitude * _data[static_cast<std::size_t>(sample_idx)] * filt[filt_idx];
            }
        }
 
        return accum;
    }
}